vaginal problems (discharge, itching, bacterial vaginosis and other infections).urinary problems (painful urination, urinary tract infections).Immediate complications of FGM can include: Although all forms of FGM are associated with increased risk of health complications, the risk is greater with more severe forms of FGM. It involves removing and damaging healthy and normal female genital tissue, and it interferes with the natural functions of girls' and women's bodies. No health benefits, only harmįGM has no health benefits, and it harms girls and women in many ways. Type 4: This includes all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g., pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the labia minora, or labia majora, sometimes through stitching, with or without removal of the clitoral prepuce/clitoral hood and glans. Type 3: Also known as infibulation, this is the narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal. Type 2: This is the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans and the labia minora (the inner folds of the vulva), with or without removal of the labia majora (the outer folds of skin of the vulva). Type 1: This is the partial or total removal of the clitoral glans (the external and visible part of the clitoris, which is a sensitive part of the female genitals), and/or the prepuce/clitoral hood (the fold of skin surrounding the clitoral glans). Types of FGMįemale genital mutilation is classified into 4 major types: WHO strongly urges health care providers not to perform FGM and has developed a global strategy and specific materials to support health care providers against medicalization. In several settings, there is evidence suggesting greater involvement of health care providers in performing FGM due to the belief that the procedure is safer when medicalized. The practice also violates a person's rights to health, security and physical integrity the right to be free from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and the right to life, in instances when the procedure results in death. It is nearly always carried out by traditional practitioners on minors and is a violation of the rights of children. It reflects deep-rooted inequality between the sexes and constitutes an extreme form of discrimination against girls and women. The practice of FGM is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women. The practice has no health benefits for girls and women and cause severe bleeding and problems urinating, and later cysts, infections, as well as complications in childbirth and increased risk of newborn deaths. Female genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
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